Small-Gain Approach to Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Interconnected Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics

This article presents a new stabilizing control scheme for a class of interconnected nonlinear systems subjected to unmodeled dynamics and immeasurable states. Fuzzy logic systems are applied to approximate the unknown functions, and a fuzzy-based state observer is constructed. The interconnection of the overall system is completely compensated via the cyclic-small-gain condition theorem, and the small-gain theorem is introduced to overcome the unmodeled dynamics in each subsystem. Furthermore, assumptions from prior literature are relaxed, and computing burden is reduced through the design of less adaptive laws. This article proves that under the designed control scheme, the closed-loop systems are controlled to be input-to-state practically stable and that all signals are guaranteed to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, this article’s simulation section illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach through an example derived from a practical system model.

Robust Fuzzy Feedback Control for Nonlinear Systems With Input Quantization

In this article, we study the robust quantized feedback control problem for nonlinear discrete-time systems that are described by Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model with norm-bounded uncertainties. The dynamic quantizer composed of a dynamic parameter and a static quantizer is considered to quantize the control input signal. An improved two-step approach to design controller and dynamic quantizer for T–S fuzzy system is proposed based on the LMI technique. In the first step, a robust controller is designed to guarantee that the quantized fuzzy closed-loop system with norm-bounded uncertainties is asymptotically stable with prescribed $mathcal {H}_{infty }$ performance. Then, the parameter-dependent (membership function) scalar variable is obtained to determine the dynamic quantizer’s parameter in the second step. Finally, the simulation result of truck–trailer system is presented to validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed two-step design approach.

Fuzzy Adaptive Finite-Time Consensus Control for High-Order Nonlinear Multiagent Systems Based on Event-Triggered

This article studies the fuzzy adaptive finite-time consensus control problem for high-order nonlinear multiagent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. In control design,fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are adopted to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics, and under the frameworks of adaptive backstepping recursive design and finite-time stability theory, an adaptive fuzzy finite-time consensus control method is developed. To save communication resources and reduce the numbers of controller execution times, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism with a relative threshold is established. Subsequently, an event-triggered-based finite-time fuzzy adaptive control scheme is formulated. Furthermore, by constructing novel integral-type Lyapunov functions and adding a power integrator technique, the finite-time stability of the closed-loop system and the convergence of consensus tracking errors are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive event-triggered consensus control method.

Reachable Set Estimation for T&#8211;S Fuzzy Markov Jump Systems With Time-Varying Delays via Membership Function Dependent Performance<inline-formula><tex-math notation=”LaTeX”/></inline-formula>

This article considers the reachable set estimation problem and membership function dependent $H_infty$ performance analysis for a class of fuzzy Markov jump systems (FMJSs) with mode-dependent time-varying delays and bounded external disturbances via sampled-data control. First, mode-dependent sampled-data control for the FMJS is designed using the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy method. Then, a novel stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed in mode-dependent augmented form by taking full advantage of the variable characteristics related to the actual sampling pattern. At the same time, a membership function dependent $H_infty$ performance index is introduced for the first time to attenuate the impact of disturbances on the closed-loop FMJS. Based on the novel $H_infty$ performance index and LKF, new delay-dependent conditions are derived in the framework of linear matrix inequalities to ensure stochastic stability of the closed-loop system and its reachable set is bounded by an ellipsoid in the presence of bounded disturbances. Finally, two illustrated application problems validate theoretical results with less conservatism in the sense of enlarging the sampling period and minimizing the disturbance attenuation level.

Fuzzy Active Learning to Detect OpenCL Kernel Heterogeneous Machines in Cyber Physical Systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) consist of a variety of multicore architectures, including central processing units (CPU) and graphical processing units (GPU). In general, programmers assign sequential programs to the CPU while parallel applications are assigned to the GPU. This article provides a method for mapping an OpenCL application to a heterogeneous multicore architecture using active fuzzy learning to determine the adequacy and processing capabilities of the application. During learning, subsamples are created by developing a machine learning-based device suitability classifier that predicts which processors would have excessive computational compatibility for running OpenCL programs. In addition, this study integrates an active learning model based on entropy with a fuzzification model to find nonoverlapping patterns. To minimize rule generation, the fuzzification-based weighted probabilistic technique is presented. The defuzzification process is optimized by using uncertainty values in conjunction with classification probability. In addition, 20 different features are proposed for extraction using the newly developed LLVM-based static analyzer. The correlation analysis approach is used to determine the optimal subset of features. The synthetic minority oversampling approach with and without feature selection is used to differentiate the class imbalance problem. Instead of manually modifying the machine learning classifier, a tree-based pipeline construction approach is used to determine the optimal classifier and associated hyperparameters. Experiments are then conducted on a set of benchmarks to verify the performance of the designed model. The results show that by increasing the number of training examples and including an entropy uncertainty measure, the proposed model is able to support and improve decision boundaries. We achieved a high F-measure of 0.77 and a ROC of 0.92 by optimizing and reducing the feature subsets.

On Fractional Tikhonov Regularization: Application to the Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System for Regression Problems

In this article, we introduce a variant of the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The proposed variant does not use backpropagation and grid partitioning, but the least-squares method with fractional Tikhonov regularization. The fractional regularization is a generalization of the standard regularization and is applied here to the learning process of the ANFIS scheme for the first time. This results in a simpler rule base, with a low number of rules, allowing to handle problems with many input variables with relatively low computational time while keeping high accuracy. We present new theoretical results on the fractional Tikhonov regularization. Such results are the basis for a formal discussion on how much the choice of a different architecture, resulting in a different matrix in the least-squares minimization, could affect the accuracy. We perform several numerical experiments on benchmark examples, first to assess the impact of the fractional regularization on the accuracy and then to compare our results against the most recent ones reported in the literature by other ANFIS-like or neuro-fuzzy systems. The numerical results show the good performance of the proposed approach.

Fuzzy Control of Switched Systems With Unknown Backlash and Nonconstant Control Gain: A Parameterized Smooth Inverse

This article addresses fuzzy tracking control question when switched systems are subjected to unknown input backlash, nonconstant control gain, and asymmetric full-state constraints. A new mode-dependent integral barrier Lyapunov function (MIBLF) can handle conservative feasibility conditions that only assure asymmetric full-state constraints and all subsystems share a common controller. To handle unknown input backlash nonlinearities in the presence of unknown nonconstant control gain function, fuzzy logic systems are utilized and a new parameterized smooth backlash inverse (PSBI) is presented. It is hard to construct the barrier Lyapunov function-based controller in the presence of unknown backlash, switching framework, and full-state constraints. By employing the fuzzy logic systems and the PSBI, a novel MIBLF-based adaptive fuzzy controller is presented to overcome this challenge. Furthermore, the presented controller not only prevents violation of all constrained states, but also ensures the boundedness of the closed-loop system. Eventually, feasibility of achieved theoretical results can be proven by two examples.

Finite-Time Dynamic Event-Triggered Fuzzy Output Fault-Tolerant Control for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Systems

The finite-time dynamic event-triggered fuzzy output feedback fault-tolerant control problem is studied in this article for the interval type-2 (IT2) Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy system with parameter uncertainties and actuator faults. A fuzzy state observer is first developed to solve the immeasurable state problem. Second, by using the sampled estimating states and measured output signals, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is formulated via integrating sensor-to-observer with observer-to-controller. Third, an observer-based finite-time event-triggered fuzzy fault-tolerant controller is synthesized via the nonparallel distribution compensation design principle. Consequently, the finite-time stable conditions of the addressed IT2 fuzzy system are established by constructing an appropriate Lyapunov function. Furthermore, an output feedback control design algorithm of solving control and observer gains is given in terms of the established sufficient finite-time stable conditions. Finally, a practical example of a nonlinear tunnel diode circuit system is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed IT2 fuzzy control scheme.

Adaptive Fuzzy Control for an Uncertain Axially Moving Slung-Load Cable System of a Hovering Helicopter With Actuator Fault

This study addresses adaptive fuzzy control for an axially moving slung-load cable system (AMSLCS) of a helicopter in the presence of an actuator fault, system uncertainty, and disturbances with the aid of a fuzzy logic system (FLS). The actuator fault considered is depicted by a more general faulty plant that includes an unknown actuator gain fault and a fault deviation vector. First, to compensate for system uncertainty and the fault deviation vector, a fuzzy control technique is adopted. Then, under the introduced FLS, a novel adaptive fuzzy control law is developed by employing a rigorous Lyapunov derivation. The closed-loop system of the AMSLCS is proved to be uniformly bounded even when considering the actuator fault, system uncertainty, and disturbances. Finally, a simulation is executed to expound the performance of the developed controller.